Architectural Elements of Plum Orchard's Entrance

My enjoyment and love for architecture doesn't ever seem to go away. I thought it would be fun to dissect the front entrance that the architects Peabody and Stearns designed for George and Margaret Carnegie's Plum Orchard. Throughout history, architects and builders have continued to revived Greek architectural styles and combined them within their own designs. Certain styles and themes have emerged from the Greek styles that Peabody and Stearns have adapted to their own design for Plum Orchard. Below is a quick view.

Common to the period in which it was built, the portico is supported by the facade and four columns that are in the Ionic order. Visually, columns are an important design element in a Classical Revival house. Open to the air, piazzas are located to each side of the portico. Derived from portico is the word porch.

Across the top of the portico is a triangular gabled pediment with horizontal and raking cornices that follow the slopes. The area where the fantastic ornamental shaped embellishments and the bulls eye window are located is called the tympanum.  Notice the partial seashells at each end of the pediment. This flowing and almost moving design may indicate that the architects possibly had the nearby seashore in mind.

The entablature is the horizontal ornamental section that is located below the pediment and resting on top of the capitals of the colonnade below. The entablature is made up of three sections that consist of a cornice (top), frieze (middle), and the architrave (bottom),

The crowning projections of the cornice and eaves has many decorative molding of which the two most distinguishing features are the dentil and horizontal rectangular shaped modillions.  The very top molding in the cornice design is an area called the cymatium.  The molding in this area is called a cyma recta because of the upper concave curve and a lower convex curve.  The bed-molding is located right under the modillions. 

The unadorned frieze and architrave is divided by a decorative band of egg and dart molding. This area in which the molding runs is known as the tanta.  The three stepped bands of the architrave below is a commonly used feature in the Ionic order.

The soffit, the underside of the entablature, rests on top of the varying detailed Ionic capitals. From the beading at the neck of the column, bell-flowers run down the shaft.

Different views of the detailed molding of a coffer in the ceiling of the portico. I played with the contrast of the photo above so that the detailing stood out better.

Pilasters are common features of Georgian revival designs. There are four that project slightly from the wall and rise the full height of the facade.

Above the fanlight on top of the main entry doors are decorative plaster "it could be papier mache" detailing of ribbon work, flower garlands, bell-flower garlands and rosette. These rich projecting details are an important element in the overall design of the entrance as to welcoming guest as they progressed inside to the entrance hall. Notice the detailed "keystone" within the fanlights molding.

After looking at these photos for so long, I wonder how many gallons of white paint it takes to paint Plum Orchard?



For more history and older photos of Plum Orchard, click the link below to view the Historic Furnishing Report by Sara Olson.  
http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015013975472

Click the link below for a previous blog post on the history of Plum Orchard.
http://bubbajunk-asmalltownboy.blogspot.com/2012/01/plum-orchard-brochure.html

Stafford Cemetery

The Stafford Cemetery is located a short distance south of the main house, Stafford Mansion. Robert Stafford was the leading planter and the largest landholder with up to 350 slaves on Cumberland Island in the nineteenth-century. He is buried in the cemetery along with his mother and his sister. The cemetery is enclosed by tabby block walls and there are four marked gravesites located inside. 

Sacred

to the memory of

ROBERT STAFFORD

Born on

Cumberland Island, Ga.

Dec. 8th, 1790

and died

Aug. 1st, 1877

  

One of the gravesites

located within the walled cemetery 

is not a member of the Stafford family.

Tom Hutchison was William C. Carnegie's personal golf coach and the golf pro at Shinnecock Hills Golf Club at Southampton, NY.  William had a nine-hole golf course in one of Robert Stafford's large plantation fields next to the Stafford mansion. A golf professional from Scotland, he was killed when thrown from a horse while visiting with William on Cumberland.

   

For more information on the

life of Robert Stafford,

read Mary R. Bullard's book:

Robert Stafford of Cumberland Island

Hunting Seashells

Last August my friend Beth and I were on the island the day after Hurricane Irene had marched up the coast and skirted past the islands of Florida and Georgia. Beth, the editor of our local newspaper, had an appointment on Cumberland and invited me to tag along. With our beach paraphernalia in tow, we took the ferry over to Cumberland planning for a relaxing day on the beach before her meeting the next day. In route, we met a wonderful lady AKA "Susan" and we chatted on the cruise ride over to the island. Arriving at the Sea Camp Dock and unloading our gear, we descended upon the dock.  Knowing our plans for the day, Susan asked us if we wanted do something different.  Something different? Heck yeah! Turns out that Susan had a car.  We piled into the vehicle with a new planned agenda of hunting seashells and set out north on the isle to conquer Stafford Beach.

  

A small lion in the oak forest  stands watch overlooking the narrow road that leads to Stafford Beach.

Leaving the dunes behind us, we were in shock and could only smile in disbelief at that variety of seashells that had washed ashore.

After a few hours of hunting and eating our packed lunch, we set out southward to Little Greyfield Beach. The drive off the Main Road that leads you to the beach and through the dunes is one of the most beautiful spots on the island.

Millions of empty shells had been dredged up off the depths of the ocean floor by the churning ocean water. Many shells with living critters and other interesting things were deposited along the beach.  

That Sunday, we had some good pickin’s along

the coast of Cumberland Island.
Thank you Susan for a wonderful day!